What are the masses of mystery objects: A, B, C, and D. Tips:

Lab 08- Torque Lab

Objective: What causes rotational motion?  The determining concept for rotational motion is torque. We will experiment with various situations to see how the concept of torque can be used to determine the rotational motion.

Theory: The principle behind balance can be explained by torque. Torque is the critical concept for rotational equilibrium. This can be explained by the balance experiment below:

In the explanation in this experiment, we use the mass of the object to express its weight, this will not affect the result of our prediction since the same gravitational constant  is ignored for every object. The unit of the length is also ignored since all the length measurements use the same unit. We choose to call torques that produce a counterclockwise rotation positive, torques producing clockwise rotations negative. The torque () is defined as the product of the force () and the level arm ().

With this convention, the torques produced by various mass are:

  • the level arm of the 5kg weight is 8, the torque it produced would be ,
  • the level arm of the 10kg weight is 2, the torque it produced would be .
  • The level arm of the 20kg weight is 3, torque it produced would be -, we give it an additional negative sign because it will produce a clockwise rotation if it acts on the system by itself.

And as a result, the net torque is

And consequently the system is balanced or in rotational equilibrium since the net torque is zero.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Procedure: This experiment can be accessed via clicking the following link:

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/balancing-act

As shown in the figure above, there are three simulations in this experiment: Intro, Balancing Lab, Game. We are going to go through all of them. Your tasks in each simulation are listed below.

 

Simulation 1: Intro.

 

 

 

Check every checkbox inside the rectangle at the upper-right corner . With all items in this box checked, all the measurements are visible. The functionalities of each part of the software are explained below:

Your task in this part: get familiar with the software.

 

Simulation 2: Balance Lab.

 

 

Question: What are the masses of mystery objects: A, B, C, and D. Tips:

  • You should use object with known mass, for example, brick or people to wight against the mystery object.
  • The mystery objects are no visible the first time you load the software. In order to access the mystery objects, click until you see the following panel  .

After finding the mass of each object, document the its mass and your reasoning below (the procedure to solve the mass of object E is provided as an example):

Object Mass Reasoning
A

 

   
B

 

   
C

 

   
D

 

   
E

 

3 kg Object E with level arm 5 is balance by a 15kg brick with level arm 1. And consequently the its mass is .

 

 

 

Simulation 3: Game.

Solve puzzles about balancing — add an object to balance the plank, predict the direction the plank will move when the supports are removed, or determine the mass of an unknown object. As the level increases, the challenges become more difficult. All 4 levels are fun to play, your will be surprised that the single concept of torque can be used to solve all puzzles.

Your task in this part is enjoying the game and having fun, and sharing three fun on-screen moments you created when you play the game. You can either take a screen shot or take a photo of the screen with your phone, and then attach the file at the end of the file.

 

Conclusions:

1, What is the requirement for a system to be in rotational equilibrium?

  1. The net torque of applied on the system is positive.
  2. The net torque of applied on the system is zero.
  3. The net torque of applied on the system is negative.

 

2, Which of the following concept determines the rotational motion of a system?

  1. Level arm.

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