Visit the ANSI web site at www.ANSLorg. What is the mission of ANSI? , Identify the current ISO quality standard.

complete the End of Chapter Questions.

CHAPTER1

1. Accuracy can only be checked by comparison with: a. another technician or metrologist b. a trade group c. a higher standard d. your boss

2. Measurement is most important to which one of the following applications? a. Mass production of automotive parts b. Mass production of aircraft parts c. One-of-a-kind handicrafts d. All manufacturing e. Manufacturing Qf parts from prepared plans

3. Measurement involves fundamental qualities. Select three qualities from the following list. a. Roundness b. Mass c. Flatness d. Time e. Weight f. Modules of elasticity g. Length h. Width i. Hardness.

4. Which of the following best defines “dimensional metrology?” a. The measurements required to manufacture products b. Measurements found by the use of scales and other measuring instruments c. The measurement of lines, areas, volumes, and angles d. The measurement of real things, whether they be steel, wood, plastic, or any other material e. The measurement of lines, circles, and angles

5. Select one or more of the following that are not considered to be dimensional metrology. a. Bolt circle spacing b. The selection of lubricants for a given bearing allowance c. The torque requirement for a bolted assembly d. The tolerance required for a shaft in a bearing e. The size limits of a mass-produced replacement part

6. The role of the inspector in industry emerged as the result of which one of the following circumstances? a. Weapons were first mass produced. b. Gunpowder changed the threat from weapons. c. Foremen could not keep up with mass production rates. d. The piece-part system was introduced. e. Precision measurement tools such as the micrometer were introduced to industry.

7. Of the following characteristics, select the ones that affect quality control. a. Employee morale b. Pride of product c. Dimensional measurements d. Environmental conditions e. Product specifications

8. For every act of dimensional metrology, one or more of the following variables may apply. Identify the single most important variable. a. Number of decimal places b. Metric or customary system c. Reliability d. Repeatability e. Sensitivity

9. In this text, metrological methods or principles are emphasized rather than the measuring instruments themselves. There are several reasons for this. Which of the following is the most important reason? a. There is no complete agreement about the instruments. b. Instrument manufacturers provide detailed information. c. Principles are more interesting than methods of use. d. Principles and methods are easily adaptable to all instruments.

Discussion Question

10. Small errors can cost a company billions of dollars or have dire consequences. Discuss the potential impact that small errors can have in the following industries: • Automotive • Aerospace • Biotech/Medical

CHAPTER2

1. Ambiguity is the enemy of dimensional metrology. Which of the following best describes a figure with four sides, each of which is 21/2in. in length? a. Polyhedron b. Parallelepiped c. Square d. Parallelogram

2. The principal dimensional measurement is length. Which of the following is the best definition of length? a. A dimension b. The shortest distance between two points c. The number of units of measurement that separates two points d. The opposite of width

3. Which of the following terms is not essential in defining a length measurement? a. Reference point b. Unit of measurement c. Tolerance d. Measured point

4. In which one or more of the following characteristics does a dimension differ from a length? a. A dimension is an intended size, whereas a length is the measured size. b. A length may be a decimal, but a dimension is a whole number. c. A dimension must be determined by measurement, whereas a length is stated on the drawing of the part. d. Lengths have tolerances, whereas dimensions do not.

5. The primary purpose of dimensional measurement is to: a. show how precise a part is b. show how close the manufacturer can produce parts c. justify the price d. communicate the designer’s intent

6. Which of the following is an international standards body? a. ISO b. ABCD c. GD & T d. A2Z

7. When measurements are repeatedly taken on the same unit, the extent to which an instrument replicates its measurements is: a. accuracy b. range c. precision d. discrimination

8. Which of the following best describes the reference point? a. Point at which any measurement begins b. Position identified on a drawing as the end of a measurement c. Furthest point from the measured point d. Highest point above the reference plane 9. Which of the following is an American Dimensioning and Tolerancing Standard? a. ASME Y14.5 — 2009 b. MSNBC c. ISO 2001 d. American Society of Training and Development (ASTD)

10. Part features designate the portion of a part that may be considered separately from the part itself. a. True b. False

11. How many .001 inches are there in one inch? a. 1 b. 100 c. 1,000 d. 10,000

12. Which of the following best defines an edge? a. The sharp corners of the part b. The intersection of a plane with another plane c. The cutting portion of an instrument d. Conical section

13. Which of the following best describes male features? a. Total lengths, heights, and widths b. Round rods or tubular parts c. Features bounded by outside dimensions d. Features larger than female features

14. If 1 mm equals 0.0394 inches, 700 millimeters equals how many inches? a. 35.53 b. 275.8 c. 27.58 d. 0.003

15. The ability of two or more inspectors to obtain consistent results repeatedly when measuring the same set of parts and the same measuring instruments is called: a. accuracy b. precision c. reproducibility d. error

16. One shooter fires 10 shots in a group 5 in. in diameter but all are off the target. Then, a second shooter has a group 10 in. in diameter but three shots are through the X-ring. Which of the following statements are the most likely to be correct? a. The first shooter is precise but not as accurate as the second shooter. b. The second shooter is the luckiest. c. The second shooter is both precise and accurate. d. The first shooter is precise but inaccurate, whereas the second shooter is more precise and more accurate.

17. Accuracy may be defined several ways. Which of the following is correct? a. Accuracy is the measure of precision. b. Accuracy is the measure of conformity. c. Accuracy is the measure of reliability. d. Accuracy is the best synonym for precision.

18. Which of the following does reliability depend on? a. High-grade measuring instruments b. Both accuracy and precision c. Lots of luck d. Limited production

19. Can either accuracy or precision be improved without respect for the other value? Select the correct statement. a. Neither can be changed without affecting the other. b. Either can be increased without affecting the other. c. Precision can be increased without an increase in accuracy. d. Accuracy can have only a limited increase without requiring an increase in precision.

20. Tolerances are specified for machined parts for which of the following reasons? a. Manufacturing equipment has inherent variation. b. To ensure proper fit between mating parts. c. The designer wasn’t sure of the exact measurement to specify. d. Botha and b.

21. The earliest recorded length standard was: a. The ulna b. The length of the monarch’s foot c. The cubit d. The Egyptian pyramids

22. What was the primary purpose of the earliest recorded standard? a. To ensure the fair payment of taxes b. To practice early medicine c. To ensure that parts mated in building construction d. To mix cement in building the pyramids

23. What is the chief similarity between the use of this first recorded standard and present-day practices? a. The high cost of reliable measurement b. The use of metal standards c. The need for inches and fractions of inches d. The requirement that working standards agree with the master standard

24. The English system and the metric system differ in the origin of their standards. Which of the following best describes those origins? a. The metric standards derived from the standards in use by the crafts guilds, whereas the English standards were those used by the peasants and small merchants. b. Both were by decree of the existing governments. c. The metric standards were derived from the diameter of the earth, whereas the English standards were selected by the House of Parliament. d. The metric standards were placed in force by the Revolutionary Committee, whereas the English standards were already in use.

25. Why have light waves replaced metal bars as the master standards of length? a. Platinum-iridium bars are very expensive, but light is free. b. They are easier to use in the dark. c. Light wave standards can be more easily reproduced, and to greater accuracy, than metal bars. d. The use of light waves avoids political considerations.

26. There are many ways that measurement systems can be compared. Which of the following are the three best ways? a. Metrological superiority, computational advantage, and communications ability b. Finest discrimination, greatest accuracy, and easiest convertibility c. Agreement among nations, historical precedent, and general acceptability d. Lowest cost added to the manufacture of products, most easily available gages and measuring instruments, and easy-to-understand quality control procedures

27. Round off 25.7853901 to two significant decimals. a. 25.786 b. 25.78 c. 25.79 d. 26

28. Each of the following lists is fully correct. However, one of them comes closest for defining the four most essential qualities of a measurement system. Which is it? a. Greatest measuring ability; least errors; least time to conduct measurements; least destruction to workpieces while being measured b. Lowest cost; widest range of direct measurement; adaptability to angles, surface finishes, and radii as well as lengths; minimum errors c. Easiest computations; self-canceling errors; clearly visible minimum scale divisions; same meaning in all languages d. Optimum measuring ability; minimum errors; minimum time required to measure; minimum cost

29. Le Systeme International d’Unites is abbreviated as: a. LSIU b. SI c. IU d. mm

30. Which of the following are good reasons to use the decimal-inch system? a. Convertibility in and out of the metric system is easy. b. Rounding off is easier than it is with the English system using fractions. c. The finest division is close to the minimum resolving power of the human eye. d. It does not need to be calibrated to the international meter.

31. Which of the following correctly represents a centimeter and a kilometer? a. 1022, 103 b. 101, 1021 c. 103,102 d. 1022, 104

32. Which of the following best explains the reasons for rounding off? a. Elimination of numbers over 5 b. Averaging the computational error c. Elimination of meaningless digits d. Simplifying computations

33. What is the exception to the rule for rounding off? a. Values over 9 should be left undisturbed. b. Calculations involving values of different decimal places should not be rounded off. c. The final rounding should be obtained from the most precise value. d. Values beyond four decimal places should not be rounded off.

Discussion Question

34. Visit the ANSI web site at www.ANSLorg. What is the mission of ANSI? , Identify the current ISO quality standard.