If you were working for the Ministry of Health in a low-income country and you needed to set priorities concerning resource allocation: A: How would you determine the importance of various diseases as causes of mortality and morbidity in your country? List major causes and trends of morbidity and mortality in your country.

Compulsory Question (40 points)

If you were working for the Ministry of Health in a low-income country and you
needed to set priorities concerning resource allocation:
A: How would you determine the importance of various diseases as causes of
mortality and morbidity in your country? List major causes and trends of
morbidity and mortality in your country.
B: What steps would you use to identify the population(s) at risk?
C: What measures would you adopt to deal with the major disease burdens
especially given the limitations with resources? Why? Please be specific.
D: What methods of health promotion would you employ? Include primary,
secondary and tertiary prevention methods and population-based screening
efforts.

Please answer one question from each of the following sections (30

points each)

Section B (30 points)

Please answer one of the following questions:

1. What is the role of culture in potentially increasing the risk of disease?
Provide an example. How can cultural beliefs aid in preventing disease?
Provide an example. In promoting positive health behavior how can
cultural views hamper a potential intervention? What strategies would
you employ to reduce such cultural barriers, if necessary? Finally, how
does culture relate to socio-political decisions (laws/policies), economic
policies and decisions that impact health? Please provide reasons for your
answer.
2. Since the 1950s national family planning programs in low- and middle-
income countries have significantly increased the prevalence of
contraceptive use and have played an important role in the reduction of
fertility. Program success has depended on a number of factors. What
factors are those? Please describe those factors. What are the major
challenges for family planning services in low- and middle-income
countries? What is the effect of the role of men in relation the uptake of
family planning services by women?
3. Please describe how individual, social, economic and physical
(environmental) factors impact health. These are examples based on the
text’s discussion on the “Social Determinants of Health”. Please discuss
both the positive and the negative associations for each of the
determinants and their effects on population health. Please be specific and
provide examples.

Section C (30 points)
Please answer one of the following questions:

1. The epidemiologic, demographic and nutrition transitions are changing
the patterns of disease and health facing both developed and developing
countries. Please explain how each transition impacts the changes in
disease patterns and health and why. What do you think can be done to
prevent the negative impact of these transitions?
2. Please describe 3 main causes of maternal mortality and 3 main causes of
child deaths in developing countries. What strategies could be developed
to lower the risk of maternal mortality and child deaths from the causes
you have identified? What role if any, does nutrition play in both maternal
and child health? What challenges are faced and what do you think can be
done about them?
3. As we see changes to the environment, we recognize that there are
increased risks. Environmental health issues affect us all and can be
viewed as a global health topic because it transcends borders. Do you
agree/disagree? Please give reasons for your answer. Also, environmental
hazards can also play a role in complex emergencies. What types of
hazards do you think can create such emergencies and what do you think
we can do to mitigate the harms and also to treat and help populations
that have been affected? Please provide examples.

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