Here are the ten bibliographies and I annotated them ,use these to write a biblibibliography review.Relate to the topic. Racial issues and affirmative actaction

Here are the ten bibliographies and I annotated them ,use these to write a biblibibliography review.Relate to the topic. Racial issues and affirmative actaction

Gurin,P. Diversity and higher education:Theory and impact of educational outcomes. Harvard Educational Review, 2002. Patricia Gurin is a social psychologist known for her work documenting the benefits of student and faculty diversity in higher education. She is the Nancy Cantor Distinguished University Professor Emerita of Psychology and Women’s Studies at The University of Michigan.She and her team used both single- and multi-institutional data from the University of Michigan and the Cooperative Institutional Research Program, the authors go on to examine the effects of classroom diversity and informal interaction among African American, Asian American, Latino/a, and White students on learning and democracy outcomes. The results of their analyses under-score the educational and civic importance of informal interaction among different racial and ethnic groups during the college years. Because the advantages and disadvantages of racial diversity will be mentioned in my research, I think this article can offer advice for the good.

Pettigrew, T.F. Prejudice and discrimination on the college campus. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sages, 1998b.Thomas F. Pettigrew is currently the Dickson Emeriti Professor of Social Psychology at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Professor Pettigrew has published more than 460 books, articles, and reviews that have been cited, according to Google Scholar, more than 57,000 times.and the University of California system gave him its Panunzio Distinguished Emeriti Award.This book analyzes intergroup prejudice and discrimination at all 3 levels of analysis. First, it describes the 2 phenomena. In summarizing social psychology’s findings, it shows that the interconnections between prejudice and discrimination are more complex than popularly appreciated. Second, it indicates how critical the intergroup situation is to prejudice and discrimination. Third, it reviews 4 social psychological processes that underlie normative change, and finally, it relates these processes to ways that a college can move from mere desegregation to genuine integration. Because expressions of prejudice and the process of discrimination reflect the norms for intergroup interaction in a specific situation and established by the governing institution, the key goal of administrative policy in this realm must be to set firm institutional norms of intergroup acceptance.He points to the importance of direct intergroup situations in shaping expressions of prejudice and discrimination.I will talk about a little bit about the discrimination before focusing on my topic, so this book will help me figure out what shapes this.

Ford R.4 benefits of bringing foreign students to study at American universities. FordMurray Law. March, 15, 2022.There is no specific author information, the source is from the website.This article focuses on why universities want to bring in international students. University will be the first opportunity for students to live, work and study with people from different cities and cultures. Universities that attract foreign students and strive to create a multicultural campus environment offer students the opportunity to truly understand themselves and the world they live in. In addition to having a diverse campus, diversity in the classroom is also very important. Bringing people from multiple cultures together in one classroom can lead to a very lively and productive learning experience, and when classrooms are crowded with people from similar backgrounds, it can be difficult to gain a deep understanding of different perspectives. And universities are always looking to bring in people who excel in certain areas. In addition, some foreign countries offer scholarships to students studying in the United States. In a nutshell, this means that American colleges can admit many new students each year who have to pay tuition.I mentioned in my problem that universities are enrolling more and more international students, as a result, local students do not have an advantage.This article can give me a good understanding of why American universities want to admit international students, and this article just mentions two reasons I guess, wanting diversity and international students will pay a lot of tuition to build a better campus environment.

Peter Arcidiacono, Josh Kinsler, Tyler Ransom, “Asian American Discrimination in Harvard Admissions.”https://www.nber.org/papers/w27068 May, 21, 2022.Professor Arcidiacono specializes in research involving applied microeconomics, applied economics, and labor economics. His research primarily focuses on education and discrimination.Professor Kinsler Education:PhD, Economics, Duke University, 2007 BS, Engineering, University of Virginia, 1999Prior professional positions:University of Rochester, Assistant Professor of Economics, 2007 to 2015 Awards, Honors and Recognitions:Post-Doctoral Fellowship, National Academy of Education/Spencer Foundation, 2011.Professor Ransom, an Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Oklahoma and Research Affiliate at the Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).This article focuses on the case in which Asian-American students were banned from applying at Harvard University. The data in the article shows that if colleges consider all Asian-American applicants as white students, the acceptance rate of Asian-American students will increase by 19%. This is incomprehensible, because another data shows that Asian-Americans Much stronger than whites on observable metrics related to admissions. This shows that college applications do have a racial nature. I think this is a very useful source because I will describe this case in detail in my research, and I will use this Harvard case to introduce my first problem, Asian students are disadvantaged in college applications .

Antonovics Kate, Backes Ben, “The effect of banning affirmative action on college admissions policies and student quality” https://www.cuny.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/pa… （2014).Kate Antonovics is a Teaching Professor in the Economics Department at UC San Diego and she is currently serving as the Provost of Seventh College. She received her BA from Brown University in 1993 and her PhD in Economics from the University of Wisconsin in 2000. Ben Backes is currently a senior researcher at AIR. His 2012 dissertation focused on the impact of statewide bans on the use of racial preferences in college admissions.Dr. Backes has published papers on several topics, including whether affirmative action bans depressed minority college enrollment rates, and whether the bans discouraged minority students from applying to college.This paper shows that UC students and UC applicants launched affirmative action because they were treated unfairly. In order to ban affirmative action, UC changed its requirements for SAT, GPA and family background, and expressed a large offset dropped the rate of minority admissions. But for non-minority people, like white Americans, it’s really unfair, and that’s why I’m citing this article. In my research, I refer to affirmative action a number of times, and this article also provides evidence for my second problem, which is that the acceptance rate of white Americans to colleges is decreasing every year.

English Bella, “To Get into Elite Colleges, Some Advised to ‘Appear Less Asian’.”MA:Boston Globe https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/2015/06/01/c… (2015).Reporter and Columnist, The Boston Globe, Boston Arts and Entertainment, Metro Boston.As seen in: The Boston Globe, Boston.com, The Charlotte Observer.The background of this article is based on a lawsuit over racial quotas at a prominent university, where high-achieving Asian American applicants published the article and called for equal treatment in their applications. A growing number of Asian-American students are known for their excellent grades and academic records, but that shouldn’t be a reason why top U.S. colleges and universities shun Asian-American students. Top American colleges avoid them because too many Asian American students have ridiculously high SAT and GPA, excellent extracurricular activities like cello or violin… The reason is because their parents mostly immigrated from China but still they have traditional Chinese educational concepts, a large number of exercises, and do SAT real questions every day, burying their children in the books. This is not the education American universities want, so they repeatedly shy away from it. The reason I picked this up is because it’s one of the reasons Asian Americans are treated unfairly in college applications.

The New York Times, Affirmative Action, New York, NY : New York Times Educational Publishing, 2021.The New York Times was founded as the New-York Daily Times on September 18, 1851.Founded by journalist and politician Henry Jarvis Raymond and former banker George Jones, the Times was initially published by Raymond, Jones & Company.Affirmative action is a law or policy that makes up for discriminated, politically disenfranchised groups of interest. This system has effectively helped people who are discriminated against because of age, class, gender, race or physical ability, and effectively solved employment, human rights, admissions and other issues… This book mainly tells how Affirmative action achieved equality. I will show a lot of works related to this, so I really think this is a very good resource.

Takagi Dana Y, The Retreat From Race, New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press, c1992.

Dana Takagi is Professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Dana taught sociology for three decades at UCSC, has worked with the National Institutes for Health on diversity issues, and is a book series editor at UC Press. Her career work informs her Dharma practice, and vice versa.Asian-Americans allege that quotas in college applications limit the admission of Asian-American students, one of the controversial views in academic education. In this book, Takagi examines the issues between American higher education and American race by studying admissions debates at the top universities in the United States, including Harvard, Stanford, and the University of California. Takagi’s central argument is that the Asian-American admissions controversy contributed to a subtle but important shift in affirmative action policy from racial to class preferences. She succinctly sums up this view as a retreat from race. But he believes that withdrawing from the race is likely to fail to deliver on its promise to ease racial tensions and promote racial equality.In her book, she links the political issues between Asia and the United States to educational issues, which I will address in my research.

Moore Jamillah, Race and College Admissions.Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, c2005.Jamillah Moore is Vice Chancellor of Governmental and External Relations for the California Community Colleges. She is also a professor at California State University-Sacramento.The book focuses on affirmative action, and argues that affirmative action is a substantive movement that provides opportunities for some minorities that some majorities take for granted. Affirmative action has had a substantial impact on much higher education. Diversity is a mission that has been embraced by most colleges and a primary purpose of affirmative action, and exposure to all races, cultures, and viewpoints benefits all. But I don’t know why affirmative action has now become a mandatory requirement for universities, and some universities even blindly take admissions in order to take this into account, so more and more people are dissatisfied with this, and some even think that the essence of affirmative action is In reverse discrimination, the result is that diversity plummets…. Chapters explore declining diversity; the impact on professional schools; historical perspectives on the subject; the role of courts in affirmative action; inequality in the admissions process; percentage planning as an alternative; method. In my research I will also mention the pros and cons of affirmative action.

Mac Donald, Heather, The Diversity Delusion, New York : St. Martin’s Press, 2018., ©2018. Heather Mac Donald is the national bestselling author of The War on Cops, the Thomas W. Smith Fellow at the Manhattan Institute, and a contributing editor of City Journal . A former aspiring academic with roots in deconstruction and postmodernism, she has been the target of violent student protest for her work on policing. She holds a B.A. from Yale and an M.A. from Cambridge in English, and a J.D. from Stanford. Her writings have appeared in The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The New York Times, The New Republic, and Partisan Review, among other publications.The book argues that Americans believe that humans are defined by skin color, gender, and sexual preferences, and that oppression based on these traits is the American experience. The Diversity Illusion argues that the problem is rooted in beliefs about endemic racism and sexism in America that have created a shifting diversity bureaucracy in society and academia. Heather Mac Donald believes that we are creating a country that is narrow-minded and prepared for discontent. I think that although this book is not very relevant to my topic, my entire topic is focused on what he said. The United States is a multi-racial country, so such a series of problems arose.